Leprosy and social determinants of health in Las Tunas province, 2003–2025

Abstract

Background: leprosy remains a public health problem in some countries, and social determinants play a crucial role in its persistence; it is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Objectives: to identify the social determinants related to leprosy in Las Tunas province. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted; the study population consisted of 167 reported leprosy cases in Las Tunas province between January 2003 and December 2025. Data were obtained from epidemiological surveys and processed using Excel-based information systems. The variables analyzed were: spontaneous detection, unknown source of infection, late diagnosis, disability at diagnosis, and multibacillary forms. Results were expressed as absolute numbers and percentages. Results: spontaneous detection accounted for 82% of cases, and the source of infection was unknown in 67.1%; multibacillary forms represented 79% of cases, while late diagnosis and a history of a family member with leprosy were observed in 42.5% and 41.9% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: strengthening epidemiological surveillance of leprosy—with a focus on social determinants of health—is a priority for the province. Implementing tailored strategies and improving service quality enhances population health, which is a fundamental determinant of social development.