Cardiogenic shock in acute coronary syndromes

Authors

  • Yudelquis Ojeda-Riquenes Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”. Servicio de Cardiología. Las Tunas. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas. Las Tunas. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-2586
  • Gerardo Sosa-Diéguez Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”. Servicio de Cardiología. Las Tunas. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas. Las Tunas. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1337-5042

Keywords:

SHOCK, CARDIOGENIC, HEART FAILURE, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Abstract

Background: cardiogenic shock is the most serious form of acute heart failure and the main cause of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In Cuba there has been a decline in mortality from acute heart failure, but rates are still higher than those reported in Latin America.

Objective: to update some aspects related to the historical perspective, definition, classification, epidemiology and pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock.

Methods: a review was carried out using resources available on the Internet, in sites such as: IntraMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Sciencdirect, Clinicalkey, Mexican Archives of Cardiology, Cuban Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cuban Journal of Intensive Medicine and Emergencies and the journal Circulation, among others, using search strategies with related terms defined in the descriptors of the health sciences.

Results: cardiogenic shock is characterized by an overall reduction in the supply of oxygen to the tissues due to a reduction in cardiac output, but the pathophysiology progresses with the development of the shock towards a hemodynamic phenotype analogous to septic shock. The early and effective restoration of oxygen supply by limiting the toxicity associated with inotropes and catecholamines, to avoid this phenotype, deserves deeper investigation. Pharmacological treatment aimed at manipulating the microcirculation in the use of cellular oxygen can also be fruitful in the treatment of advanced cardiogenic shock.

Conclusions: the scientific literature shows that cardiogenic shock remains the most feared and deadly complication of an acute myocardial infarction. New therapeutic options are being studied.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Yudelquis Ojeda-Riquenes, Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”. Servicio de Cardiología. Las Tunas. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas. Las Tunas.

Especialista de Segundo Grado en Cardiología. Máster en Urgencias Médicas. Investigador Agregado. Profesora Auxiliar

Gerardo Sosa-Diéguez, Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”. Servicio de Cardiología. Las Tunas. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Las Tunas. Las Tunas.

Especialista de Primer Grado en Medicina General Integral. Residente de tercer año de Cardiología

References

Nasrien E Ibrahim, Januzzi James L, Craig A.M, Gaggin HK, Rhyne Rhonda, F. Gandhi Parul U, et al. A Clinical and Biomarker Scoring System to Predict the Presence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. [revista en internet] 2017 [citado 11 de febrero 2020]; 69(9): 1147–56. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.12.021.

MINSAP. Datos demográficos. Mortalidad. Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2018 [en línea]. La Habana: Dirección Nacional de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud; 2018. [citado 12 enero 2020]. Disponible en: http://files.sld.cu/bvscuba/files/2019/04/Anuario-Electr%C3%B3nico-Espa%C3%B1ol-2018-ed-2019-compressed.pdf.

Maggioni AP. Epidemiology of Heart Failure in Europe. Heart Fail Clin. [revista en internet] 2015 [citado 11 de febrero 2020]; 11(4): 625-35. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26462102.

Kataja A, Harjola VP. Cardiogenic shock: current epidemiology and management. CCE. Continuing Cardiology Education. [revista en internet] 2017 [citado 11 de febrero 2020]; 3(3). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/cce2.62.

Orrem HL, Nilsson PH, Pischke SE, Grindheim G, Garred P, Seljeflot I, et al. Acute heart failure following myocardial infarction: complement activation correlates with the severity of heart failure in patients developing cardiogenic shock. ESC Heart Failure. [revista en internet] 2018 [citado 11 de febrero 2020]; 5(3): 292–301. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12266.

Bonello L, Laine M, Puymirat E, Ceccaldi V, Gaubert M, Paganelli F, et al. Etiology and Prognosis of Cardiogenic Shock in a Secondary Center without Surgical Back-Up. Cardiology Research and Practice. [revista en internet] 2019 [citado 11 de febrero 2020]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3869603.

Vahdatpour C, Collins D, Goldberg S. Cardiogenic Shock. J Am Heart Assoc. [revista en internet] 2019; [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 8(8): e011991. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.011991.

Jones TL, Nakamura K, McCabe JM. Cardiogenic shock: evolving definitions and future directions in management. Open Heart. [revista en internet] 2019; [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 6(1): e000960. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000960.

Khalid L, Dhakam SH. A Review of Cardiogenic Shock in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Current Cardiology Reviews. [revista en internet] 2008 [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 4(1): 34-40. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2174/157340308783565456.

Ciapponi A, Alcaraz A, Calderón M, Matta MG, Chaparro M, Soto N, et al. Carga de enfermedad de la insuficiencia cardiaca en América Latina: revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Rev. Española de Cardiología. [revista en internet] 2016; [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 69(11): 1051–1060. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2016.04.054.

Morris EA. A practical treatise on shock after operations and injuries. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co, 1868.

Jordan F. On Shock after Surgical Operations and Injuries. [en línea]. Bethesda MD: National Library of Medicine; 1867 [citado 12 de febrero 2020]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.322.219.

Riva-Rocci S. Un nuovo sfigmemanometro. Gazetta Medica di Torino. 1896; 47:981-6.

Bourassa MG. The history of cardiac catheterization. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. [revista en internet] 2005 [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 21(12): 1011-1014. Disponible en. https://europepmc.org/article/med/16234881.

Swan HJ, Ganz W, Forrester J, Marcus H, Diamond G, Chonette D. Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter. N Engl J Med. [revista en internet] 1970 [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 283. 447-51. Disponible en: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM197008272830902.

Blalock A. Acute circulatory failure as exemplified by shock and hemorrhage. Surg Gynecol & Obst. 1934; 58:551-66.

Krogh A. The number and distribution of capillaries in the muscles with calculations of oxygen pressure necessary for supplying the tissue. The Physiological Society. [revista en internet] 1919 [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 52(6): 409-415. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1919.sp001839.

Dapremont C, Thomas RF, Johnson JB. Observations on the effects of pyrogens in the treatment of patients with hypertension. J Natl Med Assoc. [revista en internet] 1951 [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 43(5) :300-304. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2617063/pdf/jnma00627-0016.pdf.

Gilbert RP. Mechanisms of the hemodynamic effects of endotoxin. Physiological Reviews. [revista en internet] 1960; [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 40(2): 245-279. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1960.40.2.245.

Weil MH, Tang W. From intensive care to critical care medicine: a historical perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. [revista en internet] 2016 [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 183: 1451-3. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201008-1341OE.

Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal. [revista en internet] 2018 [citado 12 de febrero 2020]; 39(2): 119-77. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393.

Van Diepen S, Katz JN, Albert NM, Henry TD, Jacobs AK, Kapur NK, et al. Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock:A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. [revista en internet] 2017 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 136(16): e232- e68. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000525.

Mebazaa A, Tolppanen H, Mueller C, Lassus J, DiSomma S, Baksyte G, et al. Acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock: a multidisciplinary practical guidance. Intensive Care Medicine. [revista en internet] 2016 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 42: 147-163. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-4041-5.

Pepe M, Bortone AS, Giordano A, Cecere A, Burattini O, Nestola PL, et al. Cardiogenic Shock Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: What'S New? Shock, Publish Ahead of Print. [revista en internet] 2020 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 53(4): 391-399. Disponible en. https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000001377.

Basir MB, Kapur NK, Patel K, Salam MA, Schreiben T, Kaki A, et al. Improved Outcomes Associated with the use of Shock Protocols: Updates from the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative. Catheterizacion & Cardiovascular Interventions. [revista en internet] 2019 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 93(7): 1173-1183. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28307.

Bellumkonda L, Gul B, Masri CS. Evolving Concepts in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiogenic Shock. The American Journal of Cardiology [revista en internet] 2018 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 122(6): 1104-1110. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.05.040.

De Luca L, Olivari Z, Farina A, Gonzini L, Lucci D, Di Chiara A, et al. Temporal trends in the epidemiology, management, and outcome of patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndromes: management changes in cardiogenic shock. European Journal of Heart Failure. [revista en internet] 2015 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 17: 1124–1132. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.339.

Sern H. Cardiogenic Shock: Failure of Oxygen Delivery and Oxygen Utilization. Clin. Cardiol. [revista en internet] 2016 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 39(8): 477-483. Disponible en: DOI:10.1002/clc.22564.

Baran D, Grines C, Bailey S, Burkhoff D, Hall S, Henry T, et al. SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock: This document was endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 94(1) :29–37. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28329.

Thiele H, Ohman M, Desch S, Eitel I, De Waha S. Management of cardiogenic shock. European Heart Journal. [revista en internet] 2015 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 36(21): 36, 1223–1230. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv051.

Goonasekera ChD, Carcillo JA, Deep A. Oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in pediatric fluid refractory septic shock during the first 42 hours of therapy and their relationship to 28-day outcome. Front. Pediatr. [revista en internet] 2018 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 6: 314- https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00314.

Kohsaka S, Menon V, Lowe AM, Lange M, Dzavik V, Sleeper LA, Hochman JS. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome after acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Arch Intern Med. [revista en internet] 2005 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 165(14): 1643-1650. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/486665.

Fuernau G. Lactate and other biomarkers as treatment target in cardiogenic shock. Curr Opin Crit Care. [revista en internet] 2019 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 25(4): 403–409. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000628.

Gómez-Mesa J, Saldarriaga C, Echeverria LE, et al. Consenso colombiano de falla cardíaca avanzada: capítulo de Falla Cardíaca, Trasplante Cardíaco e Hipertensión Pulmonar de la Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. Rev Colombiana de Cardiología [revista en internet]. 2019 [citado 13 de febrero 2020]; 26(S2): 3-24. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccar.2019.06.001.

Downloads

Published

2020-05-01

How to Cite

1.
Ojeda-Riquenes Y, Sosa-Diéguez G. Cardiogenic shock in acute coronary syndromes. Rev. electron. Zoilo [Internet]. 2020 May 1 [cited 2025 Sep. 13];45(3). Available from: https://revzoilomarinello.sld.cu/index.php/zmv/article/view/2168

Issue

Vol. 45 No. 3 (2020): May-June

Section

Review articles

License

This journal provides free and immediate access to its content under the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater exchange of global knowledge. This means that the authors transfer the copyright to the journal, so that copies and distribution of the contents can be made by any means, as long as the authors' acknowledgment is maintained. These terms are a reflection that the journal assumes copyright under Creative Commons licenses, specifically under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

Registration and submission of articles to the journal is free. The processing, including review, editing and publication, is completely free of charge.