Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in diabetic patients from a health area

Abstract

Background: patients with diabetes mellitus often suffer from periodontal diseases. Objective: to characterize diabetic patients with inflammatory periodontal disease, belonging to the San José health area, treated at the "3 de Octubre" dental clinic in Las Tunas between November 2021 and November 2022.

Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in patients, stomatology clinic and time period previously defined. A sample of 890 was selected from a universe of 1150 patients of both sexes, over 19 years old, by intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The variables evaluated included: age group, sex, type of diabetes mellitus, time of illness, chronic inflammatory periodontal disease and oral hygiene. The data was analyzed according to descriptive statistics.

Results: patients with type II diabetes mellitus predominated (73.8%), women (65.1%) and the age group of 35 to 59 years (61.7%), which was also the group with the most type II diabetes (44.9%). Moderate (52.2%) and advanced (42.9%) chronic periodontitis were the most diagnosed periodontal diseases; in patients with 10 or more years of diabetes diagnosis there were more cases of moderate (35.3%) and in patients with fewer years of diabetes, more advanced periodontitis (18.7%). Oral hygiene was deficient in 60.3%.

Conclusions: diabetic patients with periodontal disease belonging to the San José health area were characterized, with predominance of type II diabetics, of the female sex and diagnosis of periodontitis.