Protective functions of saliva in caries prevention: a literature review
Keywords:
TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, DENTAL CARIES, PREVENTION, SALIVA, XYLITOLAbstract
Background: introduction: saliva is an essential biological fluid in the maintenance of oral health, whose complex composition plays a protective role against oral diseases, especially dental caries. Through its physicochemical and biological properties, it contributes to the balance between demineralization processes and remineralization of enamel, acting as a natural defense system in the oral cavity.
Objective: to explain the protective functions of saliva in the prevention of tooth decay.
Methods: a literature review was carried out between February 1 and May 24, 2025, in databases such as PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. Descriptors such as; saliva; dental caries; antioxidant capacit; and; remineralization; were used. Original articles, reviews and clinical studies were included, prioritizing scientific evidence in Spanish and English.
Results: the saliva protects by cleaning mechanisms, pH buffering, acquired film formation and antimicrobial action. Its total antioxidant capacity counteracts oxidative stress generated by cariogenic bacteria. Factors such as hydration, diet and metabolic diseases hinder its composition and function. The use of non-cariogenic sweeteners, such as xylitol, has been shown to reduce the burden of Streptococcus mutans and enhance salivary protection.
Conclusions: the proper functioning of saliva depends on physiological and behavioral factors, so its care should be integrated into preventive dental strategies. Strengthening your functions through healthy habits is essential to maintain oral health.
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