Anatomopathological characterization of patients with thyroid lesions attended to at the provincial hospital of Las Tunas

Abstract

Background: thyroid lesions are a common clinical problem, so they must be accurately assessed to perform a proper treatment.

Objective: to characterize, from the anatomopathological point of view, the patients with thyroid lesions which studies were performed at the department of pathology of the "Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” General Teaching Hospital, in the year 2016.

Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 50 patients with any type of nodular lesion, who underwent a histocytological study at the institution and during the time herein mentioned. Each patient underwent a fine-needle aspiration cytology and the results were confirmed by paraffin biopsy. The information was processed by using descriptive statistics, through the percentage analysis.

Results: female patients predominated in 84 % and those in the 41 to 50 age group, with 54 %. 60 % of the cases presented the lesion on the right lobe, with differences regarding malignancy or not. 56,3 % of the malignant lesions were located on the left lobe and 67,6 % of the benign ones on the right lobe. 68 % of the patients presented benign lesions and within these Hashimoto's thyroiditis was evident in 44,1 %. Out of the 16 patients with malignant lesions, 87,5 % presented papillary carcinoma as a histological variety. There was a histocytological correlation in 98 % of the cases and only one was determined as false negative, representing 2 % of the studied sample.

Conclusions: patients with thyroid lesions from the anatomopathological point of view were characterized. There was a prevalence of benign lesions, specifically Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent malignant lesion. There was a high correlation between the cytological and histological results.